Top Tamil Songs of July and August 2024

Here are the best Tamil songs released for the months of July and August 2024. 

If you are a musician submit your new music here.

1. Oru Oorula Raaja

Lyrics: Mari Selvaraj

Singer: Santhosh Narayanan

Composed, Arranged and Programmed by Santhosh Narayanan

Language: Tamil

Genre: Jazz Hip-Hop

Mood: Groovy

He is unstoppable, is Santhosh Narayanan and here comes this sensation single from the upcoming movie "Vaazhai". Sometimes I think he creates his mini-genre. After mesmerising us with a folkish melody along with Dhee, Santhosh performs here in a genre-bending single that will strike you like a bolt of lightning amidst the dark thunderous folk percussions, and then the brass section and harmonies will feel like reincarnation. I can state with absolute certainty that there is no single Indian composer who can produce something like this, let alone envision it. 

The horns are not the ones we hear inside a music studio or as part of a symphony orchestra. These are the horns in lorries and trucks, just like how Vishnu Vijay used them in his song 'Welcome to Hyderabad' from the movie "Premalu". After that creative intro, we dive into the magic of the brass section with trumpets, trombones and French horns, if I am not wrong. Kudos to Babu, Maxwell, Dominic Xavier and Vijay for giving us an experience of living in New Orleans. 

We can hear the synths, keys and rhythms too, albeit in a very subtle way. I don't blame you because Santhosh is singing with his lungs trying to explode and when he performs with that raw tone, it is unmatched. We hit the interlude segment and the ‘Ramanathapuram Marungan Melam Team’ comes alive. The Keys and the folk percussion combine to create magic that even David Copperfield would be proud of. The percussionists that deserve attention are Rajakumar, Arulpandi, Hemanadhan on the Tavil, Pazhani and Janardhan on the Pambai, Mohanbabu on the Thalam and Kadhirvel on the Urumi. It is then the job of Santhosh to deliver the amazing story penned by the lyricist and director Mari Selvaraj. 

Kindly use your headphones, stand up and give some love to Napier Naveen for the outstanding bass guitars that the man plays right through. They are some of the most zany and ethereal strumming I have heard in an Indian song. Santhosh stands tall as not just the performer and composer, but also as the arranger and producer. The verse ends and when we hear " avan nimirnthu patha vanam, kuninju partha bhumi, idayila avanthan baaram, kaal nadakka nadakka neelum thooram", the brass section arrangements are majectic. We get some pumped-up energy in the second interlude once again with the brass section. I just want to get up and let loose when Santhosh sings " Kuthaattam aduran kuthaattam aduran..."

Keep listening for more magic as Santhosh sings for one last time " oru oorula raaja ", The trumpets play that riff, followed by the stunning humming of Dhee performing the same notes as the trumpets. Yes "oru oorula oru raja" and in today's world of Indian music Santhosh is that Raja. The recording engineers are Pranav Muniraj, Karthik Manickavasakam, Rupendar Venkatesh and Santhosh Narayanan. The tracks are mixed and mastered by Rupendar at Future Tense Studios with Jaba Raj as the studio assistant and Meenakshi Santhosh as the musicians' co-ordinator. 

@musicsanthosh @mariselvaraj84 @navvi_studios @redgiantmovies_ @pranavbalu @karthikmanickavasakam @rupendar_venkatesh @meenakshi_santhoshnarayanan @napiernaveen

2. Otha Satti Soru

Composed, Arranged and Programmed by Santhosh Narayanan

Lyrics: Vivek

Singers: Kapil Kapilan, Aditya Ravindran

Additional Music Production: Aditya Ravindran

Language: Tamil

Genre: Alt-Pop

Mood: Romantic

I did mention to Kapil Kapilan many months ago that I hope he sings for Santhosh Narayanan and that it will happen soon. This was just my wishful thinking, yet when it happened for an album in Telugu earlier in 2024, I hoped and wished for a better song, 'Vaazhai' is the answer. This romantic Alt-pop single blew me away and as much as the song lights a spark as a melody, it is also about Kapil's phenomenal vocals and the latter does everything to scale up the impact. 

I do recommend that all of you play this song with your headphones and you will be mesmerised. If possible also catch the movie and behold the song and the frames on the big screen. The song is composed, produced and programmed by the mighty Santhosh and he gives us probably the best Indian movie album of 2024. The beautiful keys and Kapil's affable voice start the journey in the intro. He sings these beautiful words penned by Vivek and the moment we hear " Oru kodi vamba thaandi anba vechom" my heart is filled with love and satisfaction. 

Vivek is ravishing in his description of this love in the village fields with the words "otha satti soru, kara ottikkitta seru, idha matthiyila vazhkai thulli sirichuduthe" and when sung by Aditya Ravindran in the backing vocals we can get transported to the villages of Tamil Nadu. The mild clarinet just whistles past us in the background and the interlude portion is just Kapil's inventive aalap but with a Scat singing style. The verse that begins "un mela patta kathum" is a union of a great melody, warm lyrics, splendid vocals and some soothing harmonies in the background. 

I could listen to this song all day and feel confident that tomorrow will be better. Thank you to Santhosh, Aditya, Vivek and Kapilan for this wonder of a song and as we hit that fabulous outro on vocal harmonies my heart just keeps wanting more. Aditya Ravindran does the additional production, the recording engineers are Santhosh, Pranav Muniraj and Rupendar Venkatesh at Future Tense Studios, Chennai. The tracks are mixed and mastered by Rupendar Venkatesh, with Studio assistant Jaba Raj and Meenakshi Santhosh as the musicians' co-ordinator. 

@musicsanthosh @mariselvaraj84 @navvi_studios @redgiantmovies_ @pranavbalu @rupendar_venkatesh @meenakshi_santhoshnarayanan @kapilkapilanmusic @adityaravindran95

3. Thenkizhakku

Composed, Arranged and Programmed by Santhosh Narayanan

Lyricist: Yugabharathi

Singer: Dhee

Language: Tamil

Genre: Light Music/ pop

Mood: Happy

Santhosh Narayan comes off the gigantic project of Kalki 2898AD with some unbelievable music and now we have this super collaboration that has always piqued my interest and expectations. The combination of Santhosh and director Mari Selvaraj gave us 'Pariyerum Perumal' and 'Karnan'. This song defines the brilliance and style of Santhosh as he takes a wonderful melody, adds some compelling elements to production and when it comes to the stanza, delivers the twist none of us could have predicted. Dhee is the lead vocalist and this son despite its tough notes, she sings it like a walk in the clouds.

Two standout live instruments are the Violin solo by the master Embar S Kannan, and the percussions by Karthik Vamsi. Let us not forget the introduction of the whistle by singer Vijaynarain. Santhosh handles the keys along with all the insane arrangements and production. The song has so much to offer with the extended anu-pallavi segment. I love the sound of the bell-like the bicycle ring just after "Kudai pidippen thayaga". The line that follows " Nee nee sollum katha, naan naan kekkum vara" is like a breath of fresh air that we just did not see coming. Yughabharathi is a magician with his words in this song. 

The interlude is just magic with Embar Kannan piercing my heart with that melody on the solo Violin. There are some resemblances of Raag Neelambari here as well as some Raag Maand. Karthik Vamsi is the second hero here gently playing the Indian percussions and causing tremendous appeal and pacification. Who would have expected the line "Othaiyila pogum vetta veli megham" to follow this chord progression after what we heard in the song's opening segments? 

This is why Santhosh Narayanan is a genius for constantly creating newness and discarding tried routes. Look at the notes now when she sings "sitterumbu podum", kudos to Dhee and Santhosh for that. Her singing prowess comes to light as we progress and she sings " Athil Kodi raagam naanum meeeta" in that baritone register. The song is recorded by Santhosh, Karthik Manickavasakam, Pranav Muniraj and Rupendar Venkatesh at Future Tense Studios. The studio assistant is Jaba Raj and the tracks are mixed and mastered by Rupendar. Meenakshi Santhosh is the musicians' co-ordinator. The song's outro once again sparkles with the "nee nee sollum katha" playing in the background. 

@dhee___ @musicsanthosh @meenakshi_santhoshnarayanan @mariselvaraj84 @thinkmusicofficial @pranavbalu @karthikmanickavasakam @embarkannan @karthikvamsivr @yughabharathi @rupendar_venkatesh @vijaynarain

4. Poruthhiru Selva

Music composed, arranged, and Produced by Sean Roldan

Singer: S.P. Charan

Lyricist: Sean Roldan & Manoj Kumar Kalaivanan

Language: Tamil

Genre: Folk Rock

Mood: Energetic

I loved this album "Raghu Thatha" and Sean Roldan proves that he is one of the rare composers in India who can create music across genres and can be excellent at that. This and 'Aruge Va' are my two favourite songs from the album. The rock fusion with some traditional Indian folk elements is an uplifting experience for the listener and music lover. The electric guitar right as the intro is played by Sean and the coolness factor comes from Aalaap Raju's bass guitars. 

The innovative use of the Nadaswaram in conjunction with these Western instruments is gratifying. As I have said, SP Charan has been performing at his best in many years and this song is proof of that. The casual approach with which he delivers the title line is reflective of the way SPB used to amaze us too. When he says " Mana naal varaikkum porithiru selva" the mild ghamakas convey the message asking the protagonist to be cool, calm and patient. Sean handles all the keys and rhythm programming and simple sizzles with the arrangements. 

We are reminded of the 1980s when there used to be rich guitar-led interludes by Maestro. I love the melody in the stanza, especially the chord progression in the line "kasu panam ketkamale, vazhkai thanthen, vilagi sendral". The lyrics are penned by Sean and Manoj Kumar Kalaivanan. Sean ends the stanza with such beautiful landing notes "pazhame nazhuvi paalil vidhundhal, parugamal viduveno" with fantastic guitar and bass accompaniments. The Nadaswaram comes in many interventions right through with a nice interlude too. The tracks are recorded by Kiran Kashyap at Roldan Records, Aswin George at Sounds Right Studio. The tracks are mixed by Toby Joseph at TobsGarage and Mastered by Balu Thankachan at 20db. 

@rseanroldan @aswin_george_john @tobsgarage @aalaapraju @spbcharan @thebaluthankachan

5. Minikki Minikki

Composed by: G V Prakash Kumar

Singer: Sinduri Vishal

Lyrics: Uma Devi

Programmed by: Aswin Sathya

Language: Tamil

Genre: Folk 

Mood: Dance

GV Prakash Kumar is making his debut for Pa.Ranjith. I did make the album review on Instagram and I did like a couple of songs at least in the album. Please check out the album review. Here is my take on this exciting and peppy dolk-dance track from Thangalaan. The intro is filled with some fantastic ethnic strings and frets like the Ektara, Dotara, Saz and Khamak all played by Sanu PS. The rhythm arrangements give you an idea that this is going to be an upbeat song. Kalyan is on rhythms and the chorus singers give the song a facelift straight away. The singers involved are Aishwarya Kumar, Kamalaja Rajagopal, Padmaja Sreenivasan, Lavita Lobo and Anusha Gayathri K. 

The lead vocalist is Sinduri Vishal and she shines by bringing the crazy energy of Parvathy on screen through audio too. The title line is incredibly catchy with all backing vocalists singing "Minikki Minikki" and the teasing flute intervention by Josy Alappuzha. You can also feel the power of the choir in the background with the Voxos-AAA ensemble in full flow. The performers are Swetha Ben, Sreya Rison, Aleena Amal, Felin Paulson, Cinderella Nilson, Angeline Johnson and Amal Antony Agustin, with Amal handling the vocal arrangements. The playful and teasing vocal ornamentation by Sindhuri "A. hain.. A..hain" is so beautiful. 

The stanza is a celebration with lead and accompanying vocalists. My favorite line is "Peranunga ippo vandha munnala" and I sense some Raag Suddha Dhanyasi here. A huge round of appreciation must go out to Uma Devi for these splendid lyrics. Naveen Napier is strong and stylish in the bass lines. The recording engineers are Amal Raj at Audiogene Studio Kochi and Aswin George at Sounds Right Studio, Chennai. The outro has some fantastic vocal arrangements. The tracks are mixed and mastered by Jehovahson Alghar at Divine Labs with Assistant Sound Engineer Roopash Tiwari. Aswin Sathya handles the programming. 

@gvprakash @singersinduri @tamil_poet_umadevi @jungleemusicsouth @neelam_productions @ranjithpa_ @voxosaaa_official @aswinsathya @padmaja.07 @kamalajaofficial @anushagaya3 @aswin_george_john @ra_amalraj @jehovahson @sanups_ @lavita_lobo_ @napier_naveen @swetha._.ben @amal.antony.augustin 

6. Yaazhisaiye

Singer: Chinmayi

Composer: Manoj Krishna

Lyricist: Karthik Netha

Music Production: Manoj Krishna, Ashwin Raja

Language: Tamil

Genre: Light Music 

Mood: Pathos

Manoj Krishna is one excellent singer, and composer who has been hitting all the right notes in the indie space. He has been consistent and creative with his folk carnatic fusion tracks which I love the most. It was only a matter of time before a Kollywood opportunity knocked on his door. Here is that and Manoj grabs it with bond hands. I have even more respect when he went against false popular opinion and picked Chinmayee Sripada as the lead vocalist. The lyrics are gentle and teeming with love as written by Karthik Netha

Her humming in the intro with the Piano gives that mild pathos, along with Laxman Arvind on bass. In the second round when she sings the anupallavi we get the percussion to give a nudge. Kudos to Ashwin Raja and Manoj who have done the music production. There is immense love flowing through my heart with the acoustic and especially nylon guitar strumming we hear in the interlude by Abinandan David. Isn't it heartening to hear a proper interlude in a Tamil song? The future looks bright indeed when it lies in such talented and committed musicians' hands. 

Ashish Venkateswaran gives a warm cuddle with his flute solo and it feels like breathing some fresh scented air with the flute, bass and percussions. The Piano riffs are consistent and I like the impact it creates. The stanza is where Chinmayee expresses the lyrics even more beautifully with her vocals and the line "unnai mattum thaane thodarnthiruppen" reminds me of Maestro Ilaiayaraja's song 'Elangathu Veesuthe's in the line "Onakkku onnu thaan inaniju iruuku". The strings section in the background is played by the Budapest Orchestra and arranged by Ashwin. I love the stanza shifts into the next line and here we feel a bit more pathos owing to the notes written that way. 

The flute played and arranged at the end of the stanza is brilliant and playful. We get a fitting outro dominated by the flute and accompanied by the Kanjira, bass and strings. Balasubramanian G is the Orchestra co-ordinator. The recording engineers are Vishnu M Namboothri, KS Mani Ratnam and The Mystic Room and Hari (20DB Sound Studio). The tracks are mixed and mastered by Balu Thankachan at 20dB Black, Chennai. 

@manojkrishna001 @chinmayisripaada @divomusicofficial @ashwiniyer_ @abindandan_r @laxmax_3483 @flute_ashish @thebaluthankachan @karthiknetha_official

7. Penne Vaadi

Performed by Octave Rockers

Written by Octave Rockers

Produced by Octave Rockers

Language: Tamil 

Genre: Alt-Rock

Mood: Romantic

It is so nice to hear some good original music from bands in the south especially in smaller cities like Coimbatore. Octave Rockers is focused on creating music in various genres, such as funk rock, pop, and Indian fusion. Pranesh plays the keyboards, Jeeva Anand on guitars, Arul Rozario is the bassist, Jim Prince is the drummer and Suraj Vishnu on vocals. 

We get some amped-up intro here on bass guitars, drums, lead guitars, and keys, which takes us deeper into the song. The foot-tapping melody and production are stylish in their sound design. I love how the pre-chorus segment has this amazing line "Ennodu neeyum sernthu sellum velaiyile" with additional vocals as harmonies. The arrangements and production is outstanding. Check out the pause after "Ey Penne Vaadi" and here the bass guitars and Keys are fabulous just for a brief time. Mrudula Sivakumar provides additional lyrical support.

There is this face-melting solo on the electric guitar by Jeeva and you will be knocked out here. The bass, keys, rhythm and drums are just steady and massive pillars for this enjoyable track.

@arulrozario_ @jimprince_ @pranesh_keys @jeevaanand018 @suraj.vishnu_ @shruuuv_09

8. Theeranadhi Polavey

Singer: Jithin Raj

Lyrics: Dinesh Muneeswaran, Ajith VO

Song Composed, Arranged and Programmed by Ajith VO

Language: Tamil

Genre: Light Music

Mood: Pathos

Jithin Raj is now riding a new wave, after his fabulous performance in 'Aadujeevitham''s 'Perioyone' song. There is a certain likability of his voice when he performs with a pathos inclination and here too it works quite well. The song is composed, arranged and programmed by Ajith VO, who I am featuring for the very first time. I do sense some influences of Suddha Dhanyasi or Hindolam Ragam. The keys, synths and rhythms are programmed by Ajith VO and we can hear the background support right through. 

Once we get to the title line, the energy flows through thick and fast thanks to the high-pitched singing, Veena by Shivs Narayan and the accompanying guitars and rhythms. Godfray Immanuel plays the electric guitar and bass, while Udhayanidhi Kumar handles all the additional keyboard and rhythm programming. I love the part where he sings the brisk line "sila sila sila ekkangal, pala pala pala vannangal". Lavanya Jayamohan accompanies here on backing vocals and the vocal production is by Vignesh Pai. 

The tracks are mixed and mastered by Ijaz at I studio, Chennai. The recording engineers are Manoj Kumar at Soundtown Studios, Chennai and Vishnu Shankar at KAPA Studios, Chennai. 

@ajithvo_ @jithinrajofficial @its.dineshm @itspreetha_official @blacksheepmusicofficial @godfray_immanuel 

9. Vaasam Pesum

Vocal and Bass Guitar: Athul Subrahmanyan

Music: Ainthinai

Language: Tamil

Genre: Folk-Rock

Kappa Originals is like a lighthouse guiding music bands through the dark and inclement world of music. The original music coming out of this label is truly phenomenal. Here we get a Tamil rock fusion with a lot of funk by the Kochi-based band Ainthinai. I love the guitars by Cebe Babu which adds all the rock n roll flavor like Elvis Presley. Athul Subrahmanyan is on fire delivering the lead vocals and I love the writing as well. " Vasam Pesum pookalukku, kural ondrum thevaiyillai". 

Athul is also the bassist and we get all the sick energy from Rahul R Shenoy on drums. The interlude has this stylish Violin solo and it comes out of the blue. Anil Antony plays the violin and thanks to all these I feel a resemblance to Maestro Ilaiyaraja's "Kala kalamaga vazhum kathalukku" from the album 'Punnagai Mannan'. Thomas Paulose plays the guitar and the arrangements with the violin in the background is stellar in the stanza. The end portions also give a flavour of "Ram bam bam aarambam' from "Michael Madana Kama Rajan". The song exudes a great amount of style and energy and part of it comes from the nicely arranged and executed vocal harmonies. 

Kudos to the band for also writing a melody that sounds fresh and hummable especially when we get to the stanza as Athul sings " vazhvil vandha padhai yellam paaru, nijamane kaadhal ethu?". The tracks are recorded , mixed and mastered by Antony Nellissery. 

@cebe_babu @ainthinai_official @kappaoriginalsofficial @mr_.thomman 

@rahulshenoy_98 @anilantonyalukkal @athulsubrahmanyan

10. Kaathu Mela

Written and Performed by Paal Dabba

Music by ofRo

Dholak by Karthik Vamsi

Language: Tamil

Genre: Folk Gana- Rap

Mood: Energetic

The song is catchy, it has become a monstrous hit and what I love is that a fabulous gana song by the legendary Deva is used as inspiration and what we get as an end product is a remodelled version that does bring in its own elements. Most of the versions of older songs that I hear from across India are just taking an old song and adding to it some minor tweaks in production. So i must congratulate ofRo and Paal Dabba for the effort and output. The song is written by Paal Dabba and produced by ofRo.

The opening prelude gives away the "Kathadikuthu Kathadikkuthu" by Deva. Immediately we have the child's voice that goes "kathu mela, kathu sidela". It is innovative and it brings a smile to hearing a teenie tiny boy's voice singing such words. Paal Dabba writes some funny lines and performs it interestingly as well in the lines " athunala late achu bro, odi vanthathal vanguthu moochu bro, body la scratch bro, helmet podalennu kodutha receipt, ithu than ennoda saatchi bro".

Karthik Vamsi is another hero on the Dholak and it perfectly creates the gana feeling. The repetition of lines by Paal dabba after the child's voice is quite catchy " kathu mela, kathu keezh, kathu side. kathu right". Overall it is not a breath of fresh air (kaathu) but some wind that feels good. Rupendar Venkatesh is the mix/master engineer. 

@paaldabba.iam @thinkmusicofficial @thinkindiecollective @ofrooooo @ungaldevaoffl @karthikvamsivr @rupendar_venkatesh

11. Naan Kaanum Kana

Vocals: Shweta Mohan

Lyrics by Mohan Rajan

Music: Sam C.S.

Language: Tamil

Genre: Light Music

Mood: Pathos

The guitars after the opening by Shweta Mohan feel like a melody that we all used to love and enjoy back in the 1990s. It is followed by the flute solo and we get the pallavi sung beautifully by Shweta Mohan. Mohan Rajan writes the lyrics. Is there a tinge of Keeravani Ragam? Maybe. The acoustic guitar supports brilliantly in the pallavi as well as anupallavi segments. The interlude gets the lead guitar playing some electrifying interludes and we have CM with some fine flute and string section arrangements.

The melody is written beautifully by Sam and there are lines like "Nee sonna varthai athai naan ketkirene" with the rising strings section to wow you. Shweta once again sizzles in the higher pitch towards the closing lines of the stanza like only she can. Kudos to the bassist for throwing in a lot of style right through. 

@samcsmusic @_shwetamohan_ @mohanrajan_lyrici 

12. Nerukki Nerukki

Music – Vibin R

Lyrics – Vignesh Ramakrishna

Singer – Adithya R K

Song Programmed & Arranged By: Vibin R

Language: Tamil

Genre: Electronic Pop

Mood: Romantic

Adithya RK is a name to reckon with and he is making his mark in the indie apce for sure. Even when offered Kollywood and Tollywood opportunities, he has grabbed them. Vibin R is the composer and he has also done the programming and arrangements. The title line becomes quite catchy and it is aided by additional vocals in the background. Adithya goes full blast singing "enakku ella nee thaandi" in a higher pitch. The additional vocals are by Vibin and Lakshmikanth. 

The additional programming is done by Lakshmikanth. One of my favourite voices, Malvi Sundareasan comes on board and does the steamy humming in the interlude. I love the stanza especially the melody in the line " siragaga kaigal kondai nee parakkamal vanam kandai nee". Vignesh Ramakrishna does a fine job with these words. Rupendar Venkatesh is  mixing and mastering engineer. The recording engineer is Vyshak Pk At Contrabass Studios.

@saregamatamil @adithyark.music @malvisundaresan @vigneshramakrishnalyricist @vibinrv007 @aishwarya_daggubati 

13. Rekka

Music produced by MJ Melodies

Music composed by Vathshan

Lyrics by Vignesh Ramakrishna

Additional programming by Arish

Vocals by Shakthisree Gopalan & Vathshan

Language: Tamil

Genre: Folk Pop

Mood: Romantic

This is a slow and catchy folkish pop song with vocals by Vathshan and Shakthisree Gopalan. The composition is by Vathshan and though it is not entirely fresh, it still keeps one feeling good thanks to the vocals and music production by MJ Melodies. Lalit Talluri blows some of his magic on the flute solo. The combination of the percussions and rhythms works well, and we have to Arish for the additional programming. 

The sound of guitars and bass gives the song a modern romantic pop touch and it is played by Siddharth Tanuku. The smashing Thavil with the flute and Shakthisree's mild humming tuck your heart with strings. How does she manage to kill you with her tone and groovy delivery? Well, she does own the license for that! Lalit is defiant and he is at it non-stop with the flute interventions. Robin Sebastian plays the Melodyne and the tracks are mixed and mastered by Rupendar Venkatesh. The recording engineer is Mani at The Mystic Room. 

@vathshanu @shakthisreegopalan @arishofficial @lalittalluri @mj.melodies @siddharthtanuku @vigneshramakrishnalyricist @rupendar_vankatesh 

14. Sugasagiye

Performed by Madhan Karky, MWS

Written by Madhan Karky

Produced by Madhan Karky

Language: Tamil

Genre: Electronic Pop

Mood: Romantic

Well this is a pleasant surprise! I found this interesting love song and I assumed the lyrics were by famous lyricist Madhan Karky. Now I realise that the song is composed and produced by Madhan as well. The song is performed by MWS, and it is a single as part of an upcoming album. The song is heavy on keys and rhythm programming. The melody and especially the chorus segment is quite catchy.

It feels like Rick Astley's "Never Gonna Give You Up". The stanza is also well-written, and the melody gets into your head with some hummable notes. 

@madhankarky @paamusicindia